Appearing to the uninitiated to be a fern with its evergreen frond-like leaves (to only 20cm) appearing from tightly clustered buds held close at ground level, lending it a shuttle-cock shape. A perennial woodlander of the poppy family from high mountain coniferous forests in northern Japan where the winters would be bitter. Bearing 10-20cm upright stems carrying an elegant raceme of funnel-shaped white flowers in summer. Preferring cool-cold rich woodland conditions, (decomposed pine-needles if you can obtain them) in full to part shade in a moist but well drained soil.